#!/usr/bin/env perl

my %students = (
    "Alice" => [90, 85, 78], #note [] is reference to array, canNOT use () list
    "Bob"   => [88, 92, 81],
);

foreach my $name (keys %students) {
    my $scores = join(", ", @{$students{$name}});
    print "$name: $scores\n";
}

print "  $students{'Alice'} \n";
print "@{$students{'Alice'}}\n";